civilnode

Civil Engineering Due to the interdisciplinary nature and the extensive relationship it has with other disciplines requires a wide variety of standards. Various countries around the world have expanded and updated these design standards. The most important of these are the United States, Britain, Canada, Germany, Switzerland and Australia. Some of the most important civil engineering standards are as follows :

• 1- AASHTO (The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials)
• 2- ACI (American Concrete Institute)
• 3- AS (Standards Australia)
• 4- ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)
• 5- ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)
• 6- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
• 7- AWS (American Welding Society)
• 8- AWWA (American Water Works Association)
• 9- BS (British Standards)
• 10- CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
• 11- DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
• 12- ICC (International Code Council)
• 13- IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
• 14- IES (Illuminating Engineering Society)
• 15- ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
• 16- NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)
• 17- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• 18- VDI (The Association of German Engineers)
• 19- AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction)
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Some of these standards are fully related to civil engineering such as AASHTO, ACI, ASCE, ICC and AISC. Other standards, some of them related to civil engineering. Usually these standards cover a wide range of engineering practices. ICS codes 91 and 93 relate to civil engineering:

·         91.010 Construction industry

·         91.020 Physical planning. Town planning

·         91.040 Buildings

·         91.060 Elements of buildings

·         91.080 Structures of buildings

·         91.090 External structures (Including fences, gates, arches, sheds, garages, etc.)

·         91.100 Construction materials (Including sustainability of construction materials)

·         91.120 Protection of and in buildings

·         91.140 Installations in buildings

·         91.160 Lighting

·         91.180 Interior finishing

·         91.190 Building accessories (Including locks, buzzers, bells, bolts, door and window hardware, etc.)

·         91.200 Construction technology (Including measuring methods, construction sites, demolition of structures, etc.)

·         91.220 Construction equipment (Including scaffolding, mixers for concrete and mortar, etc.)

·         93.010 Civil engineering in general

·         93.020 Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works

·         93.025 External water conveyance systems (Including buried and above ground installations)

·         93.030 External sewage systems

·         93.040 Bridge construction

·         93.060 Tunnel construction

·         93.080 Road engineering

·         93.100 Construction of railways (Including the construction of tramways, funicular railways, cableways, rail traffic control equipment and installations, etc.)

·         93.110 Construction of ropeways

·         93.120 Construction of airports (Including air transport control equipment and installations)

·         93.140 Construction of waterways, ports and dykes (Including river embankments, water transport control equipment and installations, etc.)

·         93.160 Hydraulic construction